Detailed Semantics - Optional References

constexpr optional<T&>::optional() noexcept;

constexpr optional<T&>::optional(none_t) noexcept;

Postconditions: bool(*this) == false; *this refers to nothing.

template<class R> optional<T&>::optional(R&& r) noexcept;

Postconditions: bool(*this) == true; addressof(**this) == addressof(r).
Remarks: Unless R is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed. This constructor does not participate in overload resolution if decay<R> is an instance of boost::optional.
Notes: This constructor is declared explicit on compilers that do not correctly support binding to const lvalues of integral types. For more details see here.

Example:

T v;
T& vref = v ;
optional<T&> opt(vref);
assert ( *opt == v ) ;
++ v ; // mutate referee
assert (*opt == v);

template<class R> optional<T&>::optional(bool cond, R&& r) noexcept;

Effects: Initializes ref with expression cond ? addressof(r) : nullptr.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == cond; If bool(*this), addressof(**this) == addressof(r).
Remarks: Unless R is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed. This constructor does not participate in overload resolution if decay<R> is an instance of boost::optional.

optional<T&>::optional ( optional const& rhs ) noexcept ;

Effects: Initializes ref with expression rhs.ref.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == bool(rhs).

Example:

optional<T&> uninit ;
assert (!uninit);

optional<T&> uinit2 ( uninit ) ;
assert ( uninit2 == uninit );

T v = 2 ; T& ref = v ;
optional<T> init(ref);
assert ( *init == v ) ;

optional<T> init2 ( init ) ;
assert ( *init2 == v ) ;

v = 3 ;

assert ( *init  == 3 ) ;
assert ( *init2 == 3 ) ;

template<class U> explicit optional<T&>::optional ( optional<U&> const& rhs ) noexcept ;

Requires: is_convertible<U&, T&>::value is true.
Effects: Initializes ref with expression rhs.ref.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == bool(rhs).

optional<T&>::operator= ( none_t ) noexcept ;

Effects: Assigns ref with expression nullptr.
returns: *this.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == false.

optional& optional<T&>::operator= ( optional const& rhs ) noexcept ;

Effects: Assigns ref with expression rhs.ref.
returns: *this.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == bool(rhs).
Notes: This behaviour is called rebinding semantics. See here for details.

Example:

int a = 1 ;
int b = 2 ;
T& ra = a ;
T& rb = b ;
optional<int&> def ;
optional<int&> ora(ra) ;
optional<int&> orb(rb) ;

def = orb ; // binds 'def' to 'b' through 'rb' wrapped within 'orb'
assert ( *def == b ) ;
*def = ora ; // changes the value of 'b' to a copy of the value of 'a'
assert ( b == a ) ;
int c = 3;
int& rc = c ;
optional<int&> orc(rc) ;
ora = orc ; // REBINDS ora to 'c' through 'rc'
c = 4 ;
assert ( *ora == 4 ) ;

template<class U> optional& optional<T&>::operator= ( optional<U&> const& rhs ) noexcept ;

Requires: is_convertible<U&, T&>::value is true.
Effects: Assigns ref with expression rhs.ref.
returns: *this.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == bool(rhs).

template<class R> optional& optional<T&>::operator= ( R&& r ) noexcept ;

Effects: Assigns ref with expression r.
returns: *this.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == true.
Remarks: Unless R is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed. This function does not participate in overload resolution if decay<R> is an instance of boost::optional.

Example:

int a = 1 ;
int b = 2 ;
T& ra = a ;
T& rb = b ;
optional<int&> def ;
optional<int&> opt(ra) ;

def = rb ; // binds 'def' to 'b' through 'rb'
assert ( *def == b ) ;
*def = a ; // changes the value of 'b' to a copy of the value of 'a'
assert ( b == a ) ;
int c = 3;
int& rc = c ;
opt = rc ; // REBINDS to 'c' through 'rc'
c = 4 ;
assert ( *opt == 4 ) ;

void optional<T&>::emplace( R&& r ) noexcept ;

Effects: Assigns ref with expression r.
Postconditions: bool(*this) == true.
Remarks: Unless R is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed. This function does not participate in overload resolution if decay<R> is an instance of boost::optional.

T& optional<T&>::get() const ;

T& optional<T&>::operator *() const ;

Requires: bool(*this) == true.
Effects: Returns *ref.
Throws: Nothing.

Example:

T v ;
T& vref = v ;
optional<T&> opt ( vref );
T const& vref2 = *opt;
assert ( vref2 == v ) ;
++ v ;
assert ( *opt == v ) ;

T* optional<T&>::operator -> () const ;

Requires: bool(*this) == true.
Effects: Returns ref.
Throws: Nothing.

T& optional<T&>::value() const ;

Effects: Equivalent to return bool(*this) ? *val : throw bad_optional_access();.

template<class R> T& optional<T&>::value_or( R&& r ) const noexcept;

Effects: Equivalent to if (*this) return **this; else return r;.
Remarks: Unless R is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed.

template<class F> T& optional<T&>::value_or( F f ) const ;

Effects: Equivalent to if (*this) return **this; else return f();.
Remarks: Unless decltype(f()) is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed.

template<class F> auto optional<T&>::map( F f ) const -> see below;

Effects: Equivalent to if (*this) return f(**this); else return none;.
Remarks: The return type of this function is optional<decltype(f(**this))>.

template<class F> auto optional<T&>::flat_map( F f ) const ->see below;

Requires: The return type of expression f(**this) is optional<U> for some object or reference type U.
Effects: Equivalent to if (*this) return f(**this); else return none;.
Remarks: The return type of this function is optional<U>.

T* optional<T&>::get_ptr () const noexcept;

Returns: ref.

bool has_value() const noexcept;

optional<T&>::operator bool () const noexcept;

Returns: bool(ref).

optional<T&>::operator ! () const noexcept;

Returns: !bool(ref).

void optional<T&>::reset() noexcept;

Effects: Same as *this = none.

template<class R> void optional<T&>::reset ( R&& r) noexcept;

Effects: Equivalent to *this = std::forward<R>(r).
Remarks: This function is deprecated.

bool optional<T&>::is_initialized() const noexcept;

Effects: Equivalent to return bool(*this).
Remarks: This function is deprecated.

template<class R> T& optional<T&>::get_value_or( R&& r ) const noexcept;

Effects: Equivalent to return value_or(std::forward<R>(r);.
Remarks: This function is deprecated.